Criteria used to distinguish one type of language
from another (different types of language appearance):
a. Standardization:
a process by which a language is codified in some way (becoming more
prestigious).
b. Vitality: the
existence of a living community of speakers (alive or dead language)
c. Historicity:
a particular group of people finds a sense of identity through using a
particular language.
d. Autonomy: a language
is different from other languages.
e. Reduction:
a particular variety in a language may be regarded as a sub-variety rather than
an independent entity.
f. Mixture: the feelings speakers have about
the “purity” of the variety they speak
g. De facto norms: the feelings that
many speakers have that there are both “good” speakers (representing the proper
or best usage) and “poor” speakers (representing the other side).
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